The units of frequency are reciprocal seconds, which are called Hertz (Hz) in honor of the physicist Heinrich Hertz who (among other things) discovered radio waves. Usually you want to know the wave's frequency. Multiplying this number by the setting of the TIME / DIV knob gives the period, T. To measure the period, count the number of major divisions spanned by one cycle of the wave along the time (X) axis. To measure the peak-to-peak voltage, count the number of divisions (large squares) spanned by the signal in the y direction and multiply by the setting of the VOLT/DIV knob. Ruled on every scope screen is an X/Y grid where each major division (large square) equals the setting on the volts per division (VOLTS / DIV) knob. Often, an oscilloscope is used to measure a sinusoidal voltage signal's peak-to-peak voltage. An additional dial is used to adjust the amplitude of the output signal. ![]() The frequency is the dial reading multiplied by the range number set by push buttons on the instrument. AC voltages are supplied by a signal generator, which contains a frequency control dial. voltages with a fiequency of up to 30 x 106 cycles / see can be displayed. Dual trace means this scope can display two different voltage signals at the same time. Method The BK Precision model 2120B Oscilloscope is a dual-trace, triggered, 30 MHz oscilloscope. input- vertical amplifier Cathode Ray Tube Act Got horizontal amplifier trigger sweep circuit circuit Figure 1. Refer to your textbook for information about a CRT. This is how the oscilloscope draws a two-dimensional graph (called a trace). The heart of an oscilloscope is the cathode ray tube (CRT) where a beam of electrons scans across a phosphorescent screen. Individually, each circuit is complex, but each block can be viewed as a whole (Fig. An oscilloscope is composed of several circuit building blocks. The amplitude and period of repetition of the voltage signal are read directly from the CRT screen. This standard piece of electrical test equipment is found in many laboratories. "Scopes” produce a graph of voltage (on the y-axis) versus time (on the x-axis) on the screen of a cathode ray tube. An over-all discussion and a conclusion for this experiment's report is not needed. Therefore, the lab report for this experiment can be shorter than usual. Note: This week's activities are focused on learning how to use a piece of equipment rather than learning physics and testing a physical relationship. The last part of the procedure demonstrates a few additional features of the oscilloscope, and alternating voltages. ![]() It will provide a diagram and description of the many knobs, buttons and banana jacks on a typical oscilloscope. A Pre-Lab exercise or quiz may be assigned. The key measurements obtained from an oscilloscope's CRT screen are voltage (from the peak-to-trough amplitude) and frequency. Third, I shall claim that Thomson did replicate Hertz's experiment to a higher degree than did Perrin by means of an analysis different from Mattingly's.Experiment 6 The Oscilloscope Introduction This experiment consists of several procedures designed to familiarize you with the operations of a dual trace oscilloscope. Second, I shall propose a general theory, based on the notion of the degree of replication. First, I shall build a theoretical scheme to analyze the structure of experimentation in virtue of the means-end relation. So the aim of the present paper can be laid out by the following points. ![]() I propose we should tackle the general problem of an experiment's replication by considering ends and means together. He concluded that Thomson did in fact replicate Hertz's experiment, while Perrin did not. Mattingly (200 I) thought that Buchwald made a mistake in focusing on Hertz's experimental instruments and suggested that we should focus instead on Hertz's experimental goal. He concluded that both failed to achieve their purpose. Thomson's attempt to replicate Hertz's cathode ray experiment. Over ten years ago Buchwald (1995a) discussed Jean Perrin and J.
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